For years, broadband providers relied on a familiar formula for revenue growth: acquire new customers, bundle additional services, and steadily raise average revenue per user (ARPU) through product expansion. Traditional cable operators had a wide menu of upsell opportunities. Existing subscribers could add premium television packages like HBO or Showtime, purchase additional set-top boxes, subscribe to digital tiers, enable pay-per-view services, or bundle home phone lines alongside video and internet service.